Clock Trees

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Why Clock Trees Affect CPUs, Buses, and Peripherals

10 minute

Many peripheral problems do not look like clock problems at first.

UART baud rate is slightly wrong. SPI fails when the rate is raised. I2C occasionally times out. A timer period drifts. ADC sampling does not match the expected rate. The CPU runs at a high frequency, but peripheral register access is still slow. A more subtle case: everything works before sleep, but the first peripheral access after wakeup fails, or a UART works in the bootloader and then stops working once the operating system takes over.

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